CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Water
is an indispensable and inevitable substance to all living things due to its
usability and high priority among other substance and materials. Provision of
large volume of waters essential due to its significant purpose, which
therefore called for a means by which sufficient, and good quality water can be
obtained. There are different types of water namely; well water, pipe-borne
waters, rain water, stream water, river water e.t.c.
In the earlier days, the use of
buckets and calabash is employed in fetching water for homes, agricultural and
domestic’s uses. Later, hand pumps were developed to reduce the stress and the
inconveniences and other forms of contamination’s which arise due to direct
contact of the body to the available water for consumption. Besides, only a
small quantity of water can be made available due to physical factors such as
tiredness, distance and climatic factors like dry season.
Hence, to eliminate these
difficulties, pumping machines is employed to perform the job of fetching water
and storing it in storage tanks for future purpose. The system consists of
connecting pipes, water pump, which is connected to electric power supply and
operated manually. In order to fully eliminate the stated problems and future
needs for large volume of water, the concept of automatic pumping machine is
developed.
This project emphasizes on the
construction of automatic pumping machine which in turns provide a simple
logical, versatile and economical/circuit which turns on the pump when water in
the tank fall below the minimum level and also off process is achieved by the
incorporating of the following to the pumping system:
The sensor: This measures the physical states
such as the level of the water.
The responder: which responses to what is being
sensed, it comprises of electrical and mechanical devices.
The actuator: This actuates the responder to
sense the water level in the tank to perform the switching operation.
In summary,
the automatic control system is very effective, efficient and consequently
reduces labour cost, flooding, man power and provides enough water for usage.
Background of the study
This
project is carried out so as to provide a means of reducing stress involved in
fetching water, wastage of water and flooding which may result from overfilling
of the tank and eventually reduce to minimum, if not eliminating damages to the
pumping machine.
Aim and Objectives
The aims
and objectives of this project are:
1. To reduce the labour involved in operating pumping
machine manually.
2. To prevent or protect the coil of pumping machine from
being burnt as a result of continuous work beyond its operating time.
3. To pump water automatically from water sources.
4. To prevent wastage of natural resources (water in
particularly) and flooding of premises.
5. To prevent the machine from sucking mud and or air
when there is no water in the well or source of water supply.
Scope of the Study
The
project is design to provide a means of storing water for the benefit of mankind
and industrial purpose. The control section is used for the control of water
level to various sizes of tank or reservoir. The minimum and maximum level of
water in the tank is determined by the probe.
Significance of Study
The
significance of the study is to design a means of mankind water available in
the storage tank for future uses such as domestic, industrial, Agricultural and
economic purposes, which are beneficial to mankind. It is also reduce labour
coil, wastage of water resulting from filling of the tank, which can eventually
leads to flooding. Consequently it enables long life span of the pumping
machine.
Methodology
In
the course of searching for information on this project, we consulted some
learned professionals, lecturers, relevant textbooks, such as electrical
drafting and design for the HND students, journals and past project reports in
the library of the institution e.g Federal Polytechnic, Ede, Osun State, and
browsing on the Internet to acquire relevant information on the design and construction
of the project.
Limitation of the Project
The major limitation of the study is that it
cannot be used when there is no power supply from Power Holding Company of
Nigeria (PHCN) unless an alternative means of power supply is designed to power
the project.
