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CHAPTER ONE
GENERAL
BACKGROUND
1.1 HISTORY
OF JOURNALISM
Journalism can described as day-to-day activities or operation of
gathering and transmitting of a news or information to a large audience through
a suitable media or channel. It can also be regarded as the events of the day
condensed into few words, sounds or pictures to satisfy the human’s curiosity
of a world that is, always interested in knowing what new (Longman dictionary
1984).
The
introduction of journalism and its media are (Electronic and Print) which have
a lot in reducing the rate of ignorance in the society, because from the
general observation both media have been disseminating information to the
general public.
The journalists are those that practices journalism in Nigeria and other
countries, the journalist are always in problem each time they disseminate the
news story that against important personality, most especially the politicians.
Therefore, this research is meant to let the people and entire public know the level at which the hazard and prospects of journalism had been
existing in Nigeria.
1.2
OBJECTIVE
OF THE STUDY
This research of the hazards and prospects of journalism with particular
reference in Nigeria. As it has been observed that journalism has helped in the
development of information in Nigeria. In the course of this research, it will
help the receiving information, white-ups, presentation and gathering of fact
from the society, people, communities and the individuals at large. It will
also discuss the hazards and prospects of journalism in Nigeria and career
opportunity for journalists.
1.3
RESEARCH
QUESTION.
1. Do you agree
that there are hazards and prospect in journalism?
2. Do you agree
that there is only two media of government namely Print and electronic media?
3. Do you agree
that journalism is a craft?
4. Is it true
that print media is better than electronic media?
5. Is it true
that electronic media is better than the print media?
6. Is it true
that some journalist takes bribe or receive brown envelop?
7. Is it true
those journalists are killed, in the process of disseminating some vital
information about some top government functionaries and political officials in
Nigeria?
8. Is it true
that journalist or reporters are partisan, when it comes to the political era?
9. Do you agree
that Nigeria journalist or journalism in general is independent?
10.
How far would
you agree that journalist in Nigeria abide by the code of ethics.
1.4
RELEVANCE
OF THE STUDY
It is interesting to note as Africans continue to grow politically,
economically and socially. The need for well trained journalist had become of a
lop priory. Therefore, the tendency toward journalism and journalist in African
had diminished particularly in such countries like Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya,
Senegal, Tanzania and many others. To the extent, journalists in most black
African countries particularly Nigeria are now better paid and to a degree are
now looked at a bunch of trained intellectuals whose roles as a communication,
interpreters and purveyors of good and bad news indispensable in a rapidly
growing economy such as that of Nigeria.
1.5
LIMITATION
OF THE STUDY
This project work does
not discourage the journalist, but to help in journalism in Nigeria
and to find way in curbing the deviant behaviour in journalism. This
research work will also disclose the bad habit of journalist; this project does
not discourage a political journalist or journalist in future, but to teach
them the ethics of the profession.
1.6
DEFINITION
OF TERMS
Ewuola (2001:1) defines
the term journalism as the collection and editing of materials of
current interest for presentation through news media. Journalism is
concerned with giving out information to an audience on regular basis.
Therefore, journalism is sharing of information ands idea using a suitable
channel of communication. It is also the ability to comfort, reassure and
satisfy the human frailty through the entertainment page; it is also about
people getting information on what is new, interesting and passing such
information to their neighbours.
Journalist can be described as the intermediary
between the citizen and the government, to receive and transmitting information
to the people in needs. Journalist is also a person that is involved in the
operation of gathering and disseminating of information through the appropriate
medium.
Journalist could be referred to as a person, whose primary occupation is
to gathering, writing, editing and transmitting of information or control
events to the publics. He usually works for news medium. This definition leaves
out many personnel involved in the mass communication such as advertising and
Public Relations men and several party time contributors ranging from stringers
who provide routing coverage of minor news basis into intellectuals who
contribute to the culture or health page of great dallies.
Media of Journalism
As noted by Longman Dictionary (1984) says “
journalism is the collecting and editing of materials of current interest for
presentation through news media”. In this view, the materials that have been
collected and edited must be present through a suitable channel or medium, we
have two types of media which a journalist can use to disseminate or pass
across his news or idea; these are print and electronic media.
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