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THE EFFECTS OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF DENNETTIA TRIPETALA (MMIMI) ON THE LIVER MARKER ENZYMES (AST, ALT AND ALP) OF ALBINO RATS

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the antioxidant potential of Dennettia tripetala extract against CCL4-induced oxidative stress in rats. The extract was administered to rats exposed to CCL4, and the effects on antioxidant enzyme activity, MDA concentration, and liver and kidney function were evaluated. The results showed that the extract significantly increased antioxidant enzyme activity, reduced MDA concentration, and improved liver and kidney function in CCL4-exposed rats. The findings suggest that Dennettia tripetala extract may be useful in the prevention and treatment of CCL4-induced oxidative stress and organ damage. The study's results provide evidence for the antioxidant potential of Dennettia tripetala extract and its potential therapeutic applications.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Dennettia tripetala, a plant commonly found in Nigeria, has been traditionally used in folk medicine to treat various ailments, including fever, rheumatism, and digestive problems (Edeoga et al., 2001). The plant belongs to the family Convolvulaceae and is widely distributed in tropical Africa (Burkill, 1985). Previous studies have reported the phytochemical composition of Dennettia tripetala, which includes flavonoids, alkaloids, and glycosides (Iwu et al., 1999). These bioactive compounds have been associated with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties (Akuodor et al., 2013).

The liver and kidney are vital organs that play a crucial role in detoxification, metabolism, and excretion of xenobiotics, including carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) (Klaassen, 2008). Exposure to CCL4 can cause liver and kidney damage due to oxidative stress, which leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and depletion of antioxidant enzymes (Szymonik-Lesiuk et al., 2003). The antioxidant status of the liver and kidney is crucial in preventing or mitigating CCL4-induced damage (Kumar et al., 2011). However, the current treatment options for CCL4-induced toxicity are limited, and there is a need to explore alternative therapeutic agents, such as plant extracts, to combat CCL4-induced toxicity (Kumar et al., 2011).

Several studies have investigated the antioxidant potential of plant extracts against CCL4-induced toxicity. For example, a study by Saidu et al. (2012) reported that the methanol extract of Vernonia amygdalina significantly reduced CCL4-induced liver damage in rats. Another study by Olaleye et al. (2013) found that the aqueous extract of Phyllanthus amarus protected against CCL4-induced kidney damage in