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Sexual Dimorphism in Cuboid Dimensions Among Undergraduate Students

Abstract

The study examines sexual dimorphism in cuboid dimensions among undergraduate students, with emphasis on differences in selected morphometric measurements of the cuboid bone between male and female individuals. The cuboid is an important tarsal bone located on the lateral aspect of the foot and contributes to the lateral column and structural stability of the foot. Its anatomical dimensions are relevant to understanding normal skeletal variation and may provide useful information for anatomical, anthropological, forensic, and clinical assessments. The study will determine the dimensions of the cuboid among undergraduate students and compare selected measurements between male and female participants. The specific objectives will include measuring relevant cuboid dimensions, determining the mean and standard deviation of the measurements for each sex, assessing differences between male and female groups, and documenting the extent of variation observed within the study population. A cross-sectional descriptive research design will be adopted for the study. An appropriate sample of undergraduate students or suitable osteological or imaging specimens will be selected using an appropriate sampling technique. Cuboid dimensions will be obtained using standardized anatomical landmarks and appropriate osteological or imaging-based measurement procedures. The collected data will be analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, while appropriate inferential statistical tests will be applied to determine whether observed differences between male and female groups are statistically significant. The study is expected to reveal measurable variation in the dimensions of the cuboid among the study participants, with some dimensions potentially differing between male and female groups. The findings may demonstrate patterns of sexual dimorphism in selected cuboid measurements, although the magnitude and statistical significance of these differences will depend on the characteristics of the study population and the measurements assessed. The findings will be useful to anatomists, anthropologists, forensic practitioners, radiologists, orthopaedic professionals, podiatrists, and other healthcare professionals concerned with the anatomy and assessment of the foot. The study may provide reference data on cuboid dimensions and contribute to the understanding of skeletal differences between male and female individuals. Such information may also support anatomical identification and interpretation of foot-related osteological or imaging findings. The study will conclude by documenting the dimensional characteristics of the cuboid and assessing the presence of sexual dimorphism among the study population. It is recommended that standardized measurement procedures be used when assessing cuboid dimensions and that further studies involving larger and more diverse populations be conducted to establish broader anatomical reference data for the cuboid bone.

Keywords: Sexual dimorphism, cuboid bone, cuboid dimensions, tarsal bones, foot anatomy, skeletal morphology, morphometry, anatomical variation, osteology, undergraduate students, sex differences, foot skeleton, forensic anthropology, radiology, human anatomy.