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Relationship Between Calcaneal Facet Dimensions and Foot Length Among Undergraduate Students

Abstract

The study examines the relationship between calcaneal facet dimensions and foot length among undergraduate students, with emphasis on determining whether variations in the dimensions of the articular facets of the calcaneus are associated with differences in overall foot length. The calcaneus is the largest tarsal bone and plays an important role in weight transmission, stability, and movement of the foot. Its articular facets provide surfaces for articulation with the talus and are therefore important components of the subtalar joint. Understanding the relationship between these anatomical features may contribute to knowledge of foot morphology and anatomical variation. The study will assess selected dimensions of the calcaneal facets and foot length among undergraduate students and determine the nature and strength of the relationship between the variables. The specific objectives will include measuring selected dimensions of the calcaneal facets, determining the foot length of the participants or corresponding skeletal specimens, examining the relationship between calcaneal facet dimensions and foot length, and documenting the pattern of variation observed within the study population. A cross-sectional descriptive research design will be adopted for the study. An appropriate sample of undergraduate students or suitable calcaneal osteological specimens, depending on the assessment procedure, will be selected using an appropriate sampling technique. Calcaneal facet dimensions will be obtained through standardized osteological or imaging-based procedures, while foot length will be determined using standardized anthropometric techniques where assessment involves living participants. The collected data will be analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, while correlation analysis will be used to determine the relationship between calcaneal facet dimensions and foot length, with appropriate regression or inferential tests applied where necessary. The study is expected to reveal measurable variation in both calcaneal facet dimensions and foot length among the undergraduate students studied. A relationship may be observed between selected calcaneal facet measurements and foot length, although the strength of the association may differ across the individual facets and dimensions assessed. Some measurements may demonstrate stronger associations than others, while certain variables may show limited or no statistically significant relationship. The findings will be useful to anatomists, orthopedic surgeons, podiatrists, radiologists, physiotherapists, forensic anthropologists, and other healthcare professionals involved in the assessment of the foot and ankle. The study may provide useful reference information for understanding the relationship between internal skeletal morphology and external foot dimensions. The findings may also contribute to anatomical assessment, interpretation of imaging findings, forensic anthropological studies, and planning of procedures involving the calcaneus and subtalar region. The study will conclude by documenting the dimensions of the calcaneal facets and their relationship with foot length among undergraduate students. It is recommended that standardized osteological, imaging-based, and anthropometric procedures be used when assessing calcaneal morphology and foot dimensions, while further studies involving larger and more diverse populations should be conducted to establish broader anatomical reference data.

Keywords: Calcaneus, calcaneal facets, foot length, subtalar joint, facet dimensions, anatomical relationship, morphometry, osteology, anatomical variation, undergraduate students, foot anatomy, hindfoot, orthopedic anatomy, podiatry, forensic anthropology.