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Morphological Variation of the Iliopsoas Muscle Among Undergraduate Students

Abstract

The study examines the morphological variation of the iliopsoas muscle among undergraduate students, with emphasis on differences in its shape, dimensions, configuration, and anatomical relationships. The iliopsoas muscle is a major muscle complex of the posterior abdominal wall and pelvic region, formed principally by the psoas major and iliacus muscles, and plays an important role in hip flexion and stabilization of the hip and lumbar regions. Knowledge of its morphological characteristics is important for understanding anatomical variation and for supporting clinical assessment and procedures involving the lumbar spine, pelvis, and hip joint. The study will assess the morphological characteristics of the iliopsoas muscle using standardized anatomical landmarks and appropriate anatomical or imaging-based assessment procedures. The specific objectives will include identifying variations in the shape and configuration of the muscle, determining its measurable dimensions, documenting variations in its anatomical relationships with surrounding structures, and assessing differences between the right and left sides where applicable. A cross-sectional descriptive research design will be adopted for the study. An appropriate sample of undergraduate participants or suitable anatomical specimens or imaging records will be selected using an appropriate sampling technique, depending on the assessment method employed. Data on the morphology and dimensions of the iliopsoas muscle will be obtained using standardized procedures and analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, with appropriate inferential tests applied where necessary. The study is expected to reveal different morphological patterns of the iliopsoas muscle, including variations in its shape, dimensions, configuration, and anatomical relationships. Bilateral differences may also be observed in some of the assessed characteristics, with selected measurements potentially showing statistically significant variation between the right and left sides. The findings are expected to demonstrate that the morphology of the iliopsoas muscle may vary among individuals and that such variation should be considered during anatomical and imaging-based assessments of the pelvic and lumbar regions. The findings will be useful to anatomists, radiologists, orthopedic surgeons, physiotherapists, sports medicine practitioners, and other healthcare professionals involved in the assessment and management of conditions affecting the hip, pelvis, and lumbar region. The study may provide useful reference information for understanding anatomical variations of the iliopsoas muscle and may support the interpretation of imaging findings and planning of procedures involving the hip joint, pelvic region, and posterior abdominal wall. The study will conclude by documenting the morphological characteristics and variations of the iliopsoas muscle among the study population. It is recommended that standardized anatomical and imaging-based procedures be used when evaluating the muscle, while further studies involving larger and more diverse populations should be conducted to establish broader anatomical reference data.

Keywords: Iliopsoas muscle, morphological variation, psoas major, iliacus muscle, muscle dimensions, hip flexor, pelvic anatomy, lumbar region, anatomical variation, undergraduate students, muscle morphology, hip joint, posterior abdominal wall, radiology, anatomical assessment.