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Anatomical Variation of the Lesser Omentum Among Undergraduate Students

Abstract

The study examines the anatomical variation of the lesser omentum among undergraduate students, with emphasis on differences in its size, shape, attachment, extent, and anatomical configuration. The lesser omentum is a double-layered fold of peritoneum that connects the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach and the first part of the duodenum. It is closely related to important structures within the hepatoduodenal region and forms part of the anterior boundary of the lesser sac. Knowledge of its anatomical characteristics is important for understanding variations in the arrangement of abdominal structures and their relationships within the upper abdominal cavity. The study will assess the morphological characteristics of the lesser omentum using standardized anatomical landmarks and appropriate anatomical assessment procedures. The specific objectives will include identifying variations in its shape and configuration, assessing its dimensions and extent, documenting differences in its attachments and relationships with surrounding structures, and comparing the observed characteristics where applicable. The study will also document notable variations in the appearance and arrangement of the lesser omentum that may have anatomical or clinical relevance. A cross-sectional descriptive research design will be adopted for the study. An appropriate sample of undergraduate students or suitable anatomical specimens will be selected using an appropriate sampling technique, depending on the assessment method employed. Data on the morphology, dimensions, attachment, extent, and configuration of the lesser omentum will be obtained through standardized anatomical, imaging-based, or cadaveric procedures and analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, with appropriate inferential tests applied where necessary. The study is expected to reveal variations in the morphology and dimensions of the lesser omentum among the study population. Differences may be observed in its length, width, thickness, shape, extent, attachment pattern, and relationship with adjacent abdominal structures. The findings are expected to demonstrate that the lesser omentum may exhibit individual anatomical differences that should be considered when interpreting anatomical or radiological findings involving the liver, stomach, duodenum, and hepatoduodenal region. The findings will be useful to anatomists, radiologists, general surgeons, gastrointestinal surgeons, and other healthcare professionals involved in the assessment and management of abdominal conditions. The study may provide useful anatomical reference information on variations of the lesser omentum and its relationships with the liver, stomach, duodenum, lesser sac, and structures contained within the hepatoduodenal ligament. It may also contribute to the interpretation of abdominal imaging and support anatomical planning for surgical procedures involving the upper abdominal region. The study will conclude by documenting the morphological characteristics and anatomical variations of the lesser omentum among undergraduate students. It is recommended that standardized anatomical and imaging-based procedures be used when evaluating the lesser omentum and related peritoneal structures, while further studies involving larger and more diverse populations should be conducted to establish broader anatomical reference data on variations of the lesser omentum.

Keywords: Lesser omentum, anatomical variation, peritoneum, abdominal anatomy, hepatoduodenal ligament, hepatogastric ligament, liver, stomach, duodenum, lesser sac, omental morphology, undergraduate students, anatomical relationships, morphometry, anatomical measurements.