Select Currency
Translate this page

PROCESS FOR REFINING VEGETABLE OIL AND ITS FOOD VALUE

Format: MS WORD  |  Chapter: 1-5  |  Pages: 65  |  2861 Users found this project useful  |  Price NGN5,000

  DOWNLOAD THE FULL PROJECT

PROCESS FOR REFINING VEGETABLE OIL AND ITS FOOD VALUE

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Palm oil is one the commercial product of palm fruit (Elaesis Guineesis). It is derived from the fleshy messieurs of the fruit of the oil palm which contains 45 – 55% oil. Palm oil belongs to a class of food known as fat and oil, which are generally termed lipid. It is oil from plant origin. However, oil palm exists in a world semi and cultivated state in three kinds of the equatorial tropics:

- In Africa

- South-east Africa

- And in America

It is indigenous to West Africa and grows wild in most parts of Southern Nigeria. The oil palm gives the highest yield of oil per unit area of any crop, and produces two distinct oil. The outer fibrous layer provide palm oil, the inner hard unit contains palm kernel oil, both which are important in world trade. Though both palm oil and palm kernel are derived from the pulp during processing. The international trade in palm oil began in the beginning of the nineteenth century, while pal, kernels trade develop after 1850. Naturally, the oil palm must be harvested before processing can take place. This is usually occurs when t he fruit bunches changes colour from black to orange and fruiting body becomes detached from the stalk (Piggott, 1990; p. 109). Once the produce is harvested, it is taken to the mill for  the palm oil to be extracted. This process is carried out in four stages:

- Sterilization

- Stripping of fruitless from bunches

- Digestion

- Oil extraction

Moreover, crude vegetable oil are extracted form the seeds/nuts. Presently, it is done primarily by solvents extraction whereas in the past, it was done by physical means such as the application of heavy pressure to the seed/nut. However, palm oil constitutes the most important source of edible oils and fats. The oil is semi-solid at room temperature due to the presence of natural saturat4ed fats. It severs as rich source of dietary energy yielding approximately a calorie. Palm oil contains fatty acid components which are essential nutrients (FAO, 1966: p, 119 - 121) and their functional and textural characteristics contribute to the favour and palatability of many natural and prepared foods. It is easily digested, absorbed and to utilized in normal metabolic processes. The oil is cholesterol free and is rich in carotenoids.

Naturally, palm oil contains a high level of tocols (vitamin E) which are poverty natural anti-oxidants. It contains a very 100 concentration of linolenic acid and a moderate proportion of linolenic acid, the most readily oxidized component of oils. Natural palm oil is known for its excellent stability at high temperatures. The low content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which centers resistance to rancidity. In addition, vitamins are accessory food factors, which cannot be synthesized in the human body, and have to be supplied in the diet, albeit in small quantities.

The fat – soluble vitamins namely:

- Vitamin A

- Vitamin D

- Vitamin E

- Vitamin K

Are contained in fat and oils. Vitamin A carotene from natural palm oil is nature’s most abundant source. In nature, there are approximately six hundred known carotenoids, rangity from yellow orange to red, lives and some of these pipmeirts possess vitamin A activity of varying degrees.

Red palm oil is one of the richest natural plant sources of carotenoids with concentration of 500 – 750 ppm. No other vegetable oil contains carotenoids in significant quantities.

Vitamin E is one of the most important phytonutrients in edible oils/. It consists of eight naturally occurring isomers a family of four tocopherots (alpha, beta, gamma and delta), and four tocotrinots (alpha, beta, ----mma and delta) homologues.

Tocotrinols are naturally present in most plants; however, they are dound most abundantly in palm oil extracted from palm fruits vitamin E anti – oxidant play protective role in cellular aging, atheroseclerosis and cancer.

Vitamin D on the other hand, is a sterol and is essential for borne formation.

            Nevertheless, the vegetable oil obtained from t h e same fruits as palm oil is very different products because of its lauric and content. It has a similar composition and behaviours of those of acid content of this oil make it a desirable ingredient in the manufacture of margarines confectionery and based goods.

This acid also gives the oil some special quantities which makes it desirable in soap manufacturing. It acts as processing acids in the rubber industry due to its softening and plastering effects.

            Oils and fat are liable to spoilage which results in the production of unpleasant odours and flavours. This is used in described as rancidity. Different types of oil and  fats show varying degree of resistance to spoilage, thus most vegetable oils deteriorate only slowly, whereas animal fat deteriorate rapidly and marine oil. This is because animal fat contain a relatively high proportion of combined high unsaturated fatty acids. The two most common forms of rancidity are hydrolytic.

            Generally, palm tree is highly valuable plant in the sense that non of its component is a waste. The palm founds could be used for there feeding of domestic animals as improvised roofs for local houses. The stem could on its own serve as alternative to plant in the conventional roof for modern building. The fruits/kernel provide goods source of vegetable oil.

            All crude oils and fats when fresh produced contain unwanted impurities.

These unwanted impurities consist of:-

-                      Free fatty acids

-                      Moisture

-                      Gums

-                      Trace metals

-                      Odourferious materials

-                      Colouring matter

-                      Resins

-                      And sometime vitamins. These impurities affect flavour, odour, and clarity and are removed during returning. Process is carried out in a number of stages which may be considered in turn:-

-                      Degummiry

-                      De odourizing

-                      Reaction with alkali

-                      Bleaching

After undergoing these process, the oil is pure and ready for use as is usually the case, ready for blending. It is desirable t hat the oil should not come into contact with air one it has been refined as this leads  to deterioration due to oxidation. The implication of these factors listed above and even more would be highly lighted in the course of this work with a view – pointing the best over all processing method.

            Finally, cholesterol a steroid lipid is found in the cell membranes of all body tissues. It is carried around the blood stream of all animals.

Cholesterol are classified into two forms:-

-                      Good cholesterol

-                      Bad cholesterol

Most cholesterol is not dietary in origin, rather it is synthesized internally. They are present in higher concentrations in tissue which either produce more or have more densely packed membranes, examples:-

-                      The liver

-                      Spinal cord

-                      And atheroma

Moreso, they play a central role in many biochemical processes. The body uses it in a number of ways namely:-

-                      In the production of bile

-                      In the production of acids

-                      Helps I n the digestion of fat in the body

-                      It is important to health.

However, too much cholesterol in the body can lead to narrowing and blockage of the arteries especially those that feed the heart and can keep it healthy.

  DOWNLOAD THE FULL PROJECT

PROCESS FOR REFINING VEGETABLE OIL AND ITS FOOD VALUE

Not The Topic You Are Looking For?



For Quick Help Chat with Us Now!

+234 813 292 6373

+233 55 397 8005


HOW TO GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT ON PROCESS FOR REFINING VEGETABLE OIL AND ITS FOOD VALUE INSTANTLY

  • Click on the Download Button above.
  • Select any option to get the complete project immediately.
  • Chat with Our Instant Help Desk on +234 813 292 6373 for further assistance.
  • All projects on our website are well researched by professionals with high level of professionalism.

Here's what our amazing customers are saying

Dau Mohammed Kabiru
Kaduna State College of Education Gidan Waya
This is my first time..Your service is superb. But because I was pressed for time, I became jittery when I did not receive feedbackd. I will do more business with you and I will recommend you to my friends. Thank you.
Very Good
Azeez Abiodun
Moshood Abiola polytechnic
I actually googled and saw about iproject master, copied the number and contacted them through WhatsApp to ask for the availability of the material and to my luck they have it. So there was a delay with the project due to the covid19 pandemic. I was really scared before making the payment cause I’ve been scammed twice, they attended so well to me and that made me trust the process and made the payment and provided them with proof, I got my material in less than 10minutes
Very Good
Abdulrazak Bello Marsha
Usman Dan fodio University
It was quite a better guide for project and paper presentation purpoting. Many thanks.
Average
MATTHEW NGBEDE
Ahmadu Bello University
I wish I knew you guys when I wrote my first degree project, it took so much time and effort then. Now, with just a click of a button, I got my complete project in less than 15 minutes. You guys are too amazing!
Excellent
Abdul Mateen Iddrisu
UDS
At first I taught is a site full of fraudsters until I saw my project in my Gmail after my payment.. THANK YOU IPROJECTMASTER and May God the almighty bless u guys abundantly
Excellent
Emmanuel Essential
Kogi state University
I actually took the risk,you know first time stuff But i was suprised i received as requested. I love you guys 🌟 🌟 🌟 🌟
Very Good
Adam Alhassan Yakubu
UDS
Excellent work and delivery , I promise to share my testimonies everyone in need of this kind of work. You're the best
Excellent
Abubakar Iliyasu Hashim
Federal college of education pankshin affiliated to university of jos
I am highly impressed with your unquantifiable efforts for the leaners, more grace to your elbow.I will inform my colleagues about your website.
Very Good
Musa From Ahmadu Bello University
Thank you iprojectmaster for saving my life, please keep it up and may God continue to bless you people.
Excellent
Ibrahim Muhammad Muhammad
Usmanu danfodiyo university, sokoto
It's a site that give researcher student's to gain access work,easier,affordable and understandable. I appreciate the iproject master teams for making my project work fast and available .I will surely,recommend this site to my friends.thanks a lot..!
Excellent

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

How do I get this complete project on PROCESS FOR REFINING VEGETABLE OIL AND ITS FOOD VALUE?

Simply click on the Download button above and follow the procedure stated.

I have a fresh topic that is not on your website. How do I go about it?

How fast can I get this complete project on PROCESS FOR REFINING VEGETABLE OIL AND ITS FOOD VALUE?

Within 15 minutes if you want this exact project topic without adjustment

Is it a complete research project or just materials?

It is a Complete Research Project i.e Chapters 1-5, Abstract, Table of Contents, Full References, Questionnaires / Secondary Data

What if I want to change the case study for PROCESS FOR REFINING VEGETABLE OIL AND ITS FOOD VALUE, What do i do?

Chat with Our Instant Help Desk Now: +234 813 292 6373 and you will be responded to immediately

How will I get my complete project?

Your Complete Project Material will be sent to your Email Address in Ms Word document format

Can I get my Complete Project through WhatsApp?

Yes! We can send your Complete Research Project to your WhatsApp Number

What if my Project Supervisor made some changes to a topic i picked from your website?

Call Our Instant Help Desk Now: +234 813 292 6373 and you will be responded to immediately

Do you assist students with Assignment and Project Proposal?

Yes! Call Our Instant Help Desk Now: +234 813 292 6373 and you will be responded to immediately

What if i do not have any project topic idea at all?

Smiles! We've Got You Covered. Chat with us on WhatsApp Now to Get Instant Help: +234 813 292 6373

How can i trust this site?

We are well aware of fraudulent activities that have been happening on the internet. It is regrettable, but hopefully declining. However, we wish to reinstate to our esteemed clients that we are genuine and duly registered with the Corporate Affairs Commission as "PRIMEDGE TECHNOLOGY". This site runs on Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), therefore all transactions on this site are HIGHLY secure and safe!