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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
In a world like ours today there is every need to manage funds in every activity being carried out. It is the concern of every firm to control its finances to ensure that unnecessary expenses are avoided. Financial management in a company has proved to be a great task involving the monitor of almost all departments of the company. As such, companies tend to be severe about the tools being used to manage these resources of theirs. This is because financial resources have to do with figures, calculations and computations which may present errors if not properly handled. To this end a computerized system will go a long way to sort many issues in managing financial affairs. 
Monitoring power and issuing its bill is the job of Power Holding companies, and they intend to present this information to their customers/subscribers on time and precise. In Nigeria the situation is not different. The Power Holdings Company Nigeria (PHCN) PLC has been on the job for decades now. The issue now is how is it being done and whether the method being used yields the best results? With the growing rate of technology in our world today the question is not far fetched.
A computerized system according to Friaser, C. (2007), involves the use of computer devices and connections to achieve tasks in a corporate environment. Using this type of system to manage activities will help solve problems of familiar problems being presented by manual systems. This research project is focused on showing how a computerized system can be modeled to monitor power outage and present bills for it. It studies the characteristics of a computerized system and its components.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Over the years electricity monitoring in PHCN(usually known as NEPA) has been operated using manual systems and this constitute irrespective of its innate and intrinsic shortfall. When customers go to the billing sections to pay up their accrued bills, they get entrapped in long interminable queues to ineicient machines. In light of this, payment of bills turns out to be hard nut to crack for customers. On the other side of PHCN oicials, it has been a tedious and cumbersome task to be abreast of the condition of electricity cables, transformers etc, and these inabilities contributes to their poor and torpid attention to critical power problems. As a matter of necessity, only an online, real-time monitoring transaction processing system can revert these plagues associated with manual procedures of power monitoring system. 
The question of turning to the computerized system rather than partially automated system which serves which serves as an impediments and discomfort due to poor operating environment becomes another problem to be resolved.
1.3 Theoretical Background
The National Electric Power Authority (NEPA), which is now known as Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN), was established by decree 24 of 1972 via the then electricity corporation of Nigeria and the Niger Dan Authority (NDA). It was accorded the mandate to generate, transmit, distribute, and market electricity. 
It has on its own the task to develop and to maintain an efficient coordinated and economical system of electricity supply to all parts of Nigeria and other parts of West Africa like Benin republic, Ghana and Niger republics in the northern part of Nigeria. In the bid to meet with its statutory responsibility geared towards the satisfaction of its customers need worldwide constitute the establishment of the Alausa-Ikeja road office, which has been functional over decades.
Past, the system was not well efficient because the manipulations of the system were handled solely using humans’ operations which constituted different errors. In our time, it has become necessary to implement modern approaches to technology in order to manage activities of an organization. 
1.4 Objectives of the Study
The objective of this study is to show how a computerized system can be built for the PHCN Uyo, to aid the handle of electricity monitoring and bill presentation for customers. The study examines the distinction between a manual and computerized system, and intends to settle the problems created by manual systems by modeled automated systems. 
To employ Information Technology (IT) potentials in customers service and the organization as a whole, as well as to ascertain whether computerized system is of positive impact to the general service structure or a threat to the sta’s job security
1.5 Significance of the Study
Owing to the apparent and deliberate cynic approach of people towards the issue of whether or power monitoring system is expedient, the research project has the under-listed significance:
1. Eliminates the problems inherent in the old power monitoring system/procedure by oering an automated real-time data processing approach.
2. Reduce complaints by aggrieved customers owing to poor service thereby upholding the corporate image of PHCN.
3. Educate PHCN oicials of the use of computing operations to carry out transactions.
4. To ginger further study and research on the topic by other students and academicians.
1.6 Scope of the Study
The scope of this study is focused on power monitoring in PHCN. It considers the procedures used for managing the billing system in PHCN and how a computerized system can contribute to the betterment of these activities. The study uses Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN), Uyo as its case study.
1.7 Definition of Terms
Electric Power: Electric power is the rate of energy consumption in a circuit. The electric power is measured in units of watts.
Capacitor: This is a passive two-terminal component used to store energy in an electric field.
Monitoring: This generally means to be aware of the state of the system in order to control the system effectively.
Bills: This is an amount of money owed for goods supplied or services rendered, set out in a printed or written statement of charge that is to be paid for at a later date by the consumers.
Voltage: This is the potential energy that makes the electrical current flow in circuit by pushing the electrons around. It is how we measure the difference in electrical energy.
Supply: This is the amount of electrical energy that is being released to a particular circuit within a particular. Supply determines the consumption of power.

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