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CONSTRUCTION OF A 5KVA STABILIZER

ABSTRACT

In the world today, the use of power supply in electronics equipment and gadgets has increased and it is still increasing.  These power supplies are not stable as required by these electronics. This arises the need for the power stabilization as to overcome this problem. This project handles this problem very well.  Some recommendations were also made on this topic and student and users of electronics equipment will find them useful.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1    BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In Nigeria and some other parts of the world today, the electricity power supply to consumers (at homes and industries) are not maintained at a stipulated voltage say 240 volts.  But the electronic gadgets and some other power operated machines, that we use in our homes, offices and industries requires power with constant or nearly constant voltage for their efficiency, and to avoid damage by the voltage.

5kVA stabilizer is an electronic control circuit or device that is capable of providing a constant or nearly constant output voltage even when there is variation in load or input voltage as low as 90 volts can be boast up to 240 volt by stabilizer at output stage without any voltage fluctuation.

In recent times there has been an increasing demand for alternative energy sources as global oil reserves dwindle and concerns for the environment continue to grow. Today, we increasingly depend on devices that require electricity, but in Nigeria, one of the most populated nations in Africa, only 40% of the people are connected to the energy grid; those connected experience brownouts and total blackouts around 60% of the time. Meanwhile, it is sunny 43% of daylight hours in Nigeria, which is an average of 1885 hours of sunlight per year, this means solar as an alternative energy solution is very much feasible in this part of the world. [1].  There is therefore a growing need for stabilizers to convert low voltage DC to high voltage AC which are of lower cost and more efficient. 

This project focuses on DC to AC power stabilizer. Whose aim is to efficiently convert a DC power source to a high voltage AC source, similar to power that would be available at an electrical wall outlet. 

Stabilizers are used for many applications as in a situation where low voltage DC sources such as batteries, solar panels or fuel cells must be converted so that devices can run on AC power. One example of such a situation would be converting electrical power from a car battery to run a laptop, television, lighting or cell phone etc [2] 

The method in which the low voltage DC power is inverted, is completed in two steps. The first being the conversion of the low voltage DC power to a high voltage DC source, and the second step being the conversion of the high DC source to an AC waveform using pulse width modulation. Another method to complete the   desired outcome would be to first convert the low voltage DC power to AC, and then use a transformer to boost the voltage to 220 volts. This project focused on the second method described and specifically the transformation of a high voltage DC source into an AC output.