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Assessment of Door-Opening Patterns and Their Effect on Indoor Comfort

Abstract

Door-opening patterns can influence the movement of air between interior spaces and therefore contribute to variations in indoor environmental conditions. In naturally ventilated buildings, doors may function as important pathways for airflow, particularly where windows and other ventilation openings are limited or where rooms depend on cross-ventilation. Frequent, prolonged, or irregular door opening can alter airflow patterns, temperature distribution, and perceived comfort within occupied spaces. Assessing these patterns is therefore important for understanding how everyday user behaviour interacts with building design and indoor comfort. This study assesses door-opening patterns and their effect on indoor comfort in occupied buildings. It examines the frequency, duration, timing, and extent of door opening in relation to indoor environmental conditions and occupant activities. Attention is given to different building spaces, occupancy levels, room functions, and ventilation arrangements to determine how door-use behaviour influences the quality of indoor conditions experienced by users. The study considers architectural factors such as door position, size, orientation, relationship with windows, corridor configuration, room layout, and proximity to external openings. These characteristics can determine how effectively an open door facilitates or restricts air movement between spaces. The interaction between door opening and other ventilation openings is also examined to understand its potential influence on cross-ventilation, air distribution, and temperature variation within occupied rooms. Indoor comfort is further assessed through factors including air movement, indoor temperature, relative humidity, thermal sensation, and perceived ventilation. Door-opening behaviour may improve airflow and reduce heat accumulation in some conditions, while uncontrolled openings may introduce unwanted heat, dust, noise, odours, or external pollutants. The study therefore considers both the potential benefits and limitations of door opening as a component of passive environmental control. The assessment also examines the influence of user behaviour and building operation on door-opening patterns. Occupants may open or close doors in response to heat, odours, privacy, security, noise, movement, or interaction with adjacent spaces. Differences in individual preferences and activity patterns can produce changing ventilation conditions throughout the day. Understanding these behavioural factors can help identify opportunities for improving building design and operational practices without relying solely on mechanical systems. The study aims to establish the relationship between door-opening behaviour and indoor comfort and to identify architectural and operational factors that influence this relationship. The findings are expected to contribute to improved understanding of occupant-controlled ventilation and provide guidance for designing buildings that respond effectively to natural airflow and user behaviour. The research may assist architects, building managers, and facility planners in developing indoor environments that achieve improved thermal comfort, ventilation, and occupant satisfaction.

Keywords: Door-opening patterns, indoor comfort, natural ventilation, occupant behaviour, airflow, thermal comfort, indoor environment, ventilation behaviour, building design, air movement, room layout, passive ventilation, environmental performance, occupant satisfaction.