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Sexual Dimorphism in Nasopharyngeal Dimensions Among Undergraduate Students

Abstract

The study examines sexual dimorphism in nasopharyngeal dimensions among undergraduate students, with emphasis on differences in selected measurements of the nasopharyngeal space between male and female participants. The nasopharynx is the uppermost portion of the pharynx located posterior to the nasal cavity and above the soft palate, serving as an important passageway for air and containing structures such as the pharyngeal tonsil and openings of the auditory tubes. Knowledge of its dimensions and anatomical variation is important for understanding normal differences in upper airway morphology and for supporting clinical and radiological assessment of the head and neck region. The study will determine and compare selected nasopharyngeal dimensions among male and female undergraduate students. The specific objectives will include measuring selected dimensions of the nasopharynx, determining the mean values for each sex, comparing the observed measurements between male and female participants, and assessing the extent of variation in nasopharyngeal dimensions within the study population. A cross-sectional descriptive research design will be adopted for the study. An appropriate sample of undergraduate students will be selected using an appropriate sampling technique. Data on nasopharyngeal dimensions will be obtained using standardized imaging-based or anatomical assessment procedures and analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, while appropriate independent-group comparative tests will be applied to assess differences between male and female participants. The study is expected to reveal variations in selected nasopharyngeal dimensions among the study population. Some measurements may show differences between male and female participants, while other dimensions may demonstrate considerable overlap between the two groups. These findings are expected to provide information on the extent of sex-related variation in nasopharyngeal morphology without implying that sex alone determines individual nasopharyngeal dimensions. The findings will be useful to anatomists, otorhinolaryngologists, radiologists, dentists, maxillofacial specialists, and other healthcare professionals involved in the assessment of the upper airway and head and neck region. The study may provide useful anatomical reference data for interpreting nasopharyngeal imaging, understanding normal sex-related differences, and supporting clinical assessment and procedures involving the nasopharynx and adjacent structures. The study will conclude by documenting the dimensions and observed sex-related variations of the nasopharynx among the study population. It is recommended that sex-related differences and individual anatomical variation be considered when evaluating nasopharyngeal dimensions during clinical and radiological assessments, while further studies involving larger and more diverse populations should be conducted to establish broader anatomical reference values.

Keywords: Nasopharynx, sexual dimorphism, nasopharyngeal dimensions, nasopharyngeal morphology, upper airway, pharyngeal anatomy, head and neck anatomy, anatomical variation, undergraduate students, sex differences, nasopharyngeal measurements, morphometry, radiology, otorhinolaryngology, anatomical measurements.