Sexual Dimorphism in Lateral Malleolus Dimensions Among Young Adults
Abstract
The lateral malleolus is the distal projection of the fibula and forms an important structural component of the lateral aspect of the ankle joint. Its dimensions may vary among individuals and between sexes, with differences in size, length, breadth, thickness, and other morphological characteristics potentially relevant to ankle biomechanics, radiological assessment, orthopaedic procedures, and skeletal identification. Investigating these differences can provide useful information on sex-related variation in distal fibular anatomy. The study will assess sexual dimorphism in lateral malleolus dimensions among young adults. It will specifically determine selected dimensions of the lateral malleolus in male and female participants and compare the measurements obtained to establish the extent of sex-related variation in the distal fibula. A cross-sectional descriptive research design will be adopted for the study. Young adults who meet the established eligibility criteria will be selected using an appropriate sampling technique. Selected dimensions of the lateral malleolus will be assessed using standardized anatomical landmarks and measurement procedures, with appropriate imaging or osteological assessment where necessary. The data obtained will be analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, while appropriate independent-group statistical tests will be applied to compare measurements between male and female participants. The study is expected to reveal measurable differences in selected lateral malleolus dimensions between male and female participants. Differences may be observed in parameters such as length, breadth, thickness, and other relevant measurements of the distal fibula. The findings are expected to provide anatomical data on sex-related variation in lateral malleolus dimensions among the studied population. The findings will be useful to anatomists, orthopaedic surgeons, radiologists, physiotherapists, forensic practitioners, and other healthcare professionals involved in the assessment of the ankle and lower limb. The information may contribute to improved understanding of distal fibular anatomy, interpretation of radiological findings, fracture assessment, surgical planning, and osteological identification. The study will conclude by documenting the pattern of sexual dimorphism in lateral malleolus dimensions among young adults. It is expected that the findings will contribute to anatomical reference data and provide a basis for further research involving larger and more diverse populations to establish broader patterns of sex-related variation in distal fibular morphology.
Keywords: Lateral malleolus, fibula, ankle joint, sexual dimorphism, morphological variation, distal fibula, malleolar dimensions, ankle anatomy, osteology, skeletal anatomy, lower limb, anatomical landmarks, young adults, sex-related variation, distal fibular morphology.
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