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Anatomical Variation of the Serratus Posterior Inferior Muscle Among Undergraduate Students

Abstract

The study examines the anatomical variation of the serratus posterior inferior muscle among undergraduate students, with emphasis on differences in its morphology, size, shape, attachment, and anatomical configuration. The serratus posterior inferior is a thin muscle located in the lower posterior thoracic region, extending from the thoracolumbar fascia and lower thoracic and upper lumbar spinous processes to the inferior borders of the lower ribs. Knowledge of its anatomical characteristics is important for understanding variations in the posterior thoracic wall and the arrangement of muscles associated with respiratory and trunk movements. The study will assess the morphological characteristics of the serratus posterior inferior muscle using standardized anatomical landmarks and appropriate anatomical assessment procedures. The specific objectives will include identifying variations in the shape and configuration of the muscle, assessing its measurable dimensions, documenting variations in its origin, course, and insertion, and comparing the observed characteristics between the right and left sides where applicable. The study will also document notable anatomical patterns involving the muscle and its relationships with adjacent structures of the posterior thoracic wall. A cross-sectional descriptive research design will be adopted for the study. An appropriate sample of undergraduate students or suitable anatomical specimens will be selected using an appropriate sampling technique, depending on the assessment method employed. Data on the morphology, dimensions, attachment, course, and configuration of the serratus posterior inferior muscle will be obtained through standardized anatomical, imaging-based, or osteological procedures and analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, with appropriate inferential tests applied where necessary. The study is expected to reveal variations in the morphology and dimensions of the serratus posterior inferior muscle among the study population. Differences may be observed in muscle length, width, thickness, shape, number and arrangement of muscular slips, attachment pattern, and anatomical configuration, while some right-left variations may also be identified. The findings are expected to demonstrate that the serratus posterior inferior muscle may exhibit individual anatomical differences that should be considered when interpreting anatomical or radiological findings involving the posterior thoracic wall. The findings will be useful to anatomists, radiologists, orthopaedic surgeons, thoracic surgeons, physiotherapists, and other healthcare professionals involved in the assessment of the thoracic and posterior trunk regions. The study may provide useful anatomical reference information for understanding variations in the serratus posterior inferior muscle and its relationships with the ribs, vertebral column, thoracolumbar fascia, and surrounding musculature. It may also contribute to the interpretation of imaging findings and support anatomical knowledge relevant to clinical procedures involving the posterior thoracic wall. The study will conclude by documenting the morphological characteristics and anatomical variations of the serratus posterior inferior muscle among undergraduate students. It is recommended that standardized anatomical and imaging-based procedures be used when evaluating the posterior thoracic musculature, while further studies involving larger and more diverse populations should be conducted to establish broader anatomical reference data on variations of the serratus posterior inferior muscle.

Keywords: Serratus posterior inferior muscle, anatomical variation, posterior thoracic wall, thoracic anatomy, muscle morphology, muscle dimensions, muscular slips, muscle attachment, thoracolumbar fascia, ribs, vertebral column, undergraduate students, anatomical variation, morphometry, anatomical measurements.