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Anatomical Variation in the Position of the Sigmoid Colon Among Undergraduate Students

Abstract

The study examines anatomical variation in the position of the sigmoid colon among undergraduate students, with emphasis on differences in its location, orientation, extent, and relationship with surrounding pelvic and abdominal structures. The sigmoid colon is the terminal part of the colon that connects the descending colon to the rectum and normally occupies the lower abdominal and pelvic regions. Knowledge of variations in its position is important for understanding normal gastrointestinal anatomy and for supporting accurate interpretation of radiological findings and procedures involving the lower abdomen and pelvis. The study will determine the anatomical position of the sigmoid colon among undergraduate students and identify the different positional patterns that may occur. The specific objectives will include documenting the location and orientation of the sigmoid colon, assessing its relationship with relevant abdominal and pelvic anatomical landmarks, identifying variations in its extent within the abdominal and pelvic cavities, and determining the frequency of the observed positional patterns. A cross-sectional descriptive research design will be adopted for the study. An appropriate sample of undergraduate students will be selected using a suitable sampling technique. The position and anatomical relationships of the sigmoid colon will be assessed using an appropriate imaging-based or anatomical examination procedure, depending on the method employed for the study. Data obtained will be analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, while appropriate inferential statistical tests will be applied where necessary to examine differences in the observed positional patterns. The study is expected to reveal variations in the position and orientation of the sigmoid colon among the undergraduate students studied. Differences may be observed in its level of extension into the pelvis, orientation, and relationship with surrounding structures, with some positional patterns occurring more frequently than others. The findings are expected to demonstrate that the sigmoid colon may exhibit considerable individual anatomical variation that should be recognized during anatomical and radiological assessment. The findings will be useful to anatomists, radiologists, gastroenterologists, colorectal surgeons, general surgeons, and other healthcare professionals involved in the assessment and management of the lower gastrointestinal tract. The study may provide useful reference information for distinguishing normal positional variations from findings that may require further clinical assessment. It may also support accurate interpretation of abdominal and pelvic imaging and assist in procedures involving the sigmoid colon and adjacent structures. The study will conclude by documenting the major positional patterns and anatomical variations of the sigmoid colon among undergraduate students. It is recommended that individual variation in sigmoid colon position should be considered during anatomical, radiological, and surgical assessment of the lower abdomen and pelvis. Further studies involving larger and more diverse populations are recommended to establish broader reference data on variations in sigmoid colon position and its anatomical relationships.

Keywords: Sigmoid colon, anatomical variation, sigmoid colon position, large intestine, gastrointestinal anatomy, pelvic anatomy, abdominal anatomy, colonic morphology, anatomical relationships, undergraduate students, morphometry, radiology, colorectal anatomy, colorectal surgery, anatomical measurements.